Semantic Parsing is the task of converting natural language texts into formal machine-understandable logical-form representations.
SQL Parsing involves converting a natural language query into its equivalent SQL query which can be run over given databases to obtain the answer from the output denotation.
Abstract Representation Parsing involves converting a natural language text into more semantically grounded logical forms. Some major abstract representations include: UCCA (Universal Conceptual Cognitive Annotation), AMR (Abstract Meaning Representation), DRG (Discourse Representation Graphs), and EDS (Elementary Dependency Structures).
Shallow Semantic Parsing is the process of assigning semantic roles to the predicates and entities in a sentence.